The UHV (Ultra High Voltage) grid differs from other existing power grids in terms of longer transmission distances and larger power capacities. China's energy distribution characteristics mean that future large thermal and hydroelectric power plants are mostly located far from major load centers, leading to more pronounced long-distance power transmission needs. The healthy development of the power grid is closely linked to the growth of China’s power industry. This text explores the application of series compensation and controllable reactors in UHV power systems.
1. Application of Series Compensation in UHV Grids
1.1 Planning Considerations
Fixed series compensation helps reduce circuit reactance, lower line voltage, and decrease the phase angle difference between the voltages at both ends of the line. This continuously improves the dynamic and transient stability of the power transmission system, making it more efficient. During UHV planning, series compensation can be used along with increasing transmission corridors to meet growing power transmission demands.
1.2 Technical Challenges in Series Compensation Equipment
At 1,000 kV voltage levels, the performance of equipment such as fiber optic insulators, bypass switches, and grounding switches may be affected. It is essential for engineers to enhance the insulation level of these devices. Additionally, the rated current in series compensation systems increases due to higher line currents, which may affect capacitors and bypass breakers, requiring larger MOV (Metal Oxide Varistor) capacities.
1.3 Implementation Aspects
When dealing with high series compensation capacity, excessive voltage can pose challenges for equipment design and insulation. To address this, the compensation device is often divided into two sections and installed at both ends of the line. Each segment must have standardized parameters. During the design process, it is crucial to set limits on line length, rated voltage, and mid-line reactance to ensure safe and effective operation.
2. Application of Controllable Reactors in UHV Grids
2.1 Planning and Application
During the planning of UHV grids, parallel reactors with high compensation levels are installed to suppress overvoltage. However, UHV lines typically operate within certain power limits. With increased voltage levels and longer transmission distances, the conflict between high reactor compensation and the need for capacitive reactive power becomes more significant. In long-distance, high-capacity UHV transmission lines, controllable reactors are often required to manage reactive power demand effectively. Transformer-based compensation has limitations, so controllable reactors are a better option in such cases.
2.2 Equipment Selection
Controllable reactors come in two main types: high-impedance transformer graded switching type and magnetic valve type. The former is generally easier to develop. If the goal is reactive power balance and voltage regulation, selecting a reactor with appropriate classification and capacity that meets various operational conditions is sufficient. Initially, high-impedance transformer-type reactors are preferred. For future projects requiring dynamic adjustments, magnetic valve-type reactors would be more suitable.
2.3 Installation and Operation
In some UHV transmission routes, there may be no load in the middle, necessitating the installation of a switch station. These stations lack reactive power compensation capabilities, so controllable reactors are often added. When installing these reactors, it's important to consider both short-term and long-term needs, as well as the transition from a switch station to a substation. The installation of series compensation also depends on actual project requirements.
3. Conclusion
The use of controllable devices in UHV grids plays a vital role in managing high-power transmission, capacitive reactive power, and voltage control. These systems are highly applicable and adaptable. Initially, less complex high-impedance transformer-based reactors are recommended. In real-world applications, it's essential to implement these technologies as soon as possible in conjunction with ongoing projects to maximize efficiency and reliability.
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Shenzhen MovingComm Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.movingcommtech.com