Modern radar and electronic warfare systems depend on advanced signal processing and complex RF-modulated pulses. Without thorough signal design verification, these systems may fail during critical operations, potentially leading to disastrous consequences for the operator. Assessing a radar’s ability to detect and track targets or an electronic warfare system’s capability to identify threats and avoid detection is highly complex. Advanced RF signal analysis and pulse acquisition techniques—such as variable segment length, de-interlacing, and real-time duplex IF analysis—allow engineers to measure signal parameters and verify the performance of their systems.
The dynamic nature of modern radar and electronic warfare signals presents significant challenges for measurement platforms. Capturing enough pulses to accurately determine the operating mode, especially when pulse width and pulse repetition interval (PRI) change rapidly, is essential. If these dynamic scenarios are not properly captured, current combat systems could face serious issues in executing mission-critical tasks. Missing pulses from radar or electronic warfare systems can result in incorrect threat identification, tracking errors, or even critical failures like ground-to-air missile misoperations.
While there are various methods to capture signals of interest, pulsed radar and electronic attack systems operate at high pulse densities within seconds. Traditional measurement techniques often struggle with inefficient storage. Although segmented capture helps reduce this issue, newer radar and electronic warfare signal structures—such as interleaved pulse widths and PRI—require more adaptive capture strategies. For example, in an interleaved pulse width and PRI scenario, standard acquisition captures only part of the expected pulses. However, it lacks sufficient memory depth to capture the full signal, which may span over a minute, not just a few seconds. Segmented capture can help, but it often wastes storage space on short pulses and might miss pulses that occur before the next segment is ready.
To address missed pulse issues, variable-length gated acquisition offers a more efficient way to use segmented capture, providing flexibility for changing pulse parameters. This method not only helps recover missed pulses but also increases the total number of pulses captured. Visualization tools combined with emitter filtering allow engineers to create detailed operational scenarios.
Now that storage utilization has been optimized, capturing millions of pulses requires a better way to analyze and interpret the data. Engineers must identify trends in frequency, pulse width, PRI, and other parameters to ensure optimal performance. More importantly, with the use of complex modulations like polyphase and Frank codes to improve low intercept probability (LPI), it's crucial to verify proper modulation over time to maintain interference resistance.
Tools like scatter plots provide a flexible way to visualize large datasets. By plotting any two variables on the X and Y axes, engineers can easily see thousands of pulses. As shown in Figure 2, the captured radar data reveals a linear pulse width ramp and two independent PRI modes over time. However, this limited capture still doesn’t fully reveal the system’s operational mode, highlighting the need for more comprehensive analysis.
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