Summary of key elements and solutions for intelligent lighting design

Intelligent lighting refers to the use of computer, wireless communication data transmission, spread spectrum power carrier communication technology, computer intelligent information processing and energy-saving electrical control technology to form a distributed wireless telemetry, remote control, remote control system to achieve lighting equipment Intelligent control.

How intelligent lighting systems work

The lighting control system of smart homes is actually the basic part of the whole smart home according to the function of a certain area, different time of day, outdoor brightness or the use of the area.

The most well-known thing about intelligent lighting systems is that they can be pre-set, with the ability to turn the brightness of the light into a series of settings. These settings, also known as scenes, can be called automatically by the dimmer system or the central building control system. When used in the home, it can be in the form of an integrated central controller and may have a touch screen interface.

In general, the intelligent lighting system as the core part of the entire smart home, especially suitable for large-scale housing, it will make life convenient and comfortable. The lighting control system is divided into a stand-alone, room-specific or large-scale networking system. In a networked system, the dimming device is installed in an electrical cabinet and operated by a network of external devices such as sensors and control panels. The advantage of a networked system is that it can control different areas of the room from many points. In the home, a control panel can be installed on the wall near the main entrance as the main control point for multiple exterior rooms.

Intelligent lighting system equipment requirements

Aiming at the decoration style and intelligent control requirements of large-sized units, combined with the convenience, flexibility, easy modification, easy operation and easy maintenance of the control method of the IoT smart home control system, the system solution for intelligent lighting control is realized;

1. The system adopts digital bus design and adopts 2-core twisted pair cable. All equipments are connected by star or string structure through 2-core twisted pair cable. The connection is independent of polarity. The wiring is simple and convenient, which greatly saves installation time. , reducing installation errors, reducing construction costs and post-maintenance costs; using 27VDC low-voltage power supply, safe and reliable, no electromagnetic radiation;

2. High signal transmission rate, strong anti-interference ability, high reliability, distance up to 5 kilometers, extended transmission distance, 2-core twisted pair cable can transmit power signal, control signal, audio signal and video simultaneously Signal, and can realize multi-channel transmission without mutual interference;

3. All controllers can change positions at any time, change functions, change control load objects without changing cables, and automatically correct settings, run to optimal conditions, save energy and improve efficiency;

4. All actuators are modular in design and adopt standard 35mm rail mounting method. The installation volume is small and can be installed in the lighting box. It is not necessary to customize the special box, especially suitable for the environment with small installation space of the villa;

5. System stability, compatibility and scalability, all devices use the same protocol to transmit signals, any one device can work independently, without affecting other devices when there is a fault, rich in external communication interfaces such as: RS232, USB , IP interface, etc.; the system can be upgraded at any time through USB, COM interface and IP interface, without affecting the operation of the system.

6. In the control, a variety of control methods can be used to control various dimming lights and non-dimming lights, and the load power is strong. Can be point-to-point control, scene control, remote control, induction control, touch screen control center, remote network, telephone, PDA and other control methods, with regional control, group control, total control, timing, delay, condition judgment and other functions;

The degree of intelligence of LED lighting systems is a concern. LED lighting can reduce energy consumption and maintenance costs, and intelligent LED lighting design can further improve system performance in two ways: get better performance per watt and reduce long-term operating costs. Energy measurement, ambient light detection and communication are the basis of intelligent LED lighting design: energy measurement provides the system's healthy operation and energy consumption information; ambient light detection can reduce the actual lighting time of LEDs, save energy and extend diode life; communication function will Each light source is connected together for maintenance identification and system level coordination. This article will explore the impact of each part of the circuit on the overall system.

Key elements of LED intelligence

Ambient light detection, communication and energy measurement are key elements of an intelligent lighting system. Ambient light detection allows the light to be dimmed when other sources have provided sufficient illumination; in addition, the color of the advanced RGB LED illumination system can be adjusted by detecting the color of the ambient light. The communication function allows remote control and connects small, large lighting units into a central network. Energy measurement accurately calculates the power consumed and provides system insight for predictive maintenance. All of these features—environmental light detection, communication, and energy measurement—will further save energy and reduce operating costs. This article explores key design considerations for adding ambient light detection, communications (including wireless and power lines), and energy measurement capabilities to LED lighting systems. A reference design example is provided.

An ambient light sensor (ALS) detects the amount of light in the vicinity of the sensor. These simple devices become the "eyes" of LED lighting systems and are also the key to energy savings. When the room has sufficient light source, the lighting is completely unnecessary, and the light can be dimmed or completely turned off, reducing power consumption and extending the life of the light. Key features of ALS include power consumption, lumen monitoring range, and IR and UV filtering. These sensors must be quietly in the system and do not consume excessive power, thus damaging the original intention of saving system energy. Good ALS current consumption is less than 1μA. The lumen detection range must reach the typical lumen range of the outdoor environment. 0.1lx to 100,000lx is generally sufficient for most applications. Considering system reliability, it may be necessary to adopt a slightly larger range. IR and UV filtering eliminates the spectrum of invisible light in real systems.

Light detection

The ALS design in the light source shown in Figure 1. The sensor must avoid the light from the illuminator itself and avoid the effects of ambient light measurements. In this design, the ALS is on a separate board in the shadow of the light fixture. This simple design allows the ALS to turn off the light when it detects ambient light above a preset value. RGB sensors can even add more “features” to lighting applications. Similar to the LED lighting system with RGB LED and ALS shown in the figure, it can dynamically adjust its color output to meet specific application needs, such as stage scene lighting or department store display.

Figure 1: The ALS is mounted on a separate PCB in the shadow of the light fixture to prevent the sensor from reading the light intensity of the light itself.

Communication

Below, we discuss the intelligent communication of LEDs. The ear and throat are the most important functions for intelligent LED lighting. By simply illuminating the lights, the lights can be turned on, off, or dimmed through the network, which reduces energy consumption. Communication also provides quick feedback on power outages, maintenance, and contingency, which will save overall system maintenance costs. Wireless and wired communications work well in different environments, depending on network size and topology. Wireless is more suitable for small indoor and large outdoor applications, the latter requiring a continuous line of sight, a usable frequency band, and a sufficient amount of transmission power. Power line communication (PLC) utilizes existing power lines for communication. PLC is ideal for large-scale municipal lighting, tunnels, indoor parking lots, etc., where natural light cannot be used due to physical location or building walls. Reliability is the key to all communication references. If the communication fails, the system is not beneficial.

In wireless applications, the signal transmission method may be Wi-Fi, ZigBee, or other standard protocols that are often, but not limited to, industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio frequencies. Limiting power consumption provides network flexibility, which is critical if the endpoint uses a battery. Figure 2 shows a unique application where the light switch is equipped with an energy harvesting radio frequency (RF) transceiver. The system collects energy for the toggle switch to produce a usable DC voltage that supports the radio communication (<1GHz RF) of the lighting fixture. The switch can be placed anywhere in the room as long as the signal can cover the light source. No need to connect the lighting switch, the interior design is more flexible, and the lighting control is more reliable.

Figure 2: Building automation application where the light switch has an energy-free RF transceiver that does not require wiring to control LED lighting.

The PLC lighting control method utilizes the existing power supply line and is a high price option. Since communication is achieved by maintaining a well-maintained power supply line, the PLC avoids many troubles such as shared communication frequency, performance in bad weather, and network maintenance. Range, speed and reliability are the keys to designing a PLC.

The noise of the power line is extremely large, which affects the reliability of system communication. G3-PLC communication is a new PLC standard based on OFDM, which enables reliable communication of power lines. The standard supports speeds up to 300kbps, mesh networking, and reliable modes in noisy environments, making it ideal for LED control networks. The OFDM-based, PLC-controlled lighting network is similar to the existing G3-PLC.

Figure 3 shows the Nyx Hemera Technologies PLC unit 4 for tunnel lighting, which has saved 25% in power and reduced maintenance costs by 30%. The large facility system supports up to 1022 illuminating lights with a communication distance of up to 3km.

Figure 3: Example of a municipal streetlight network using a PLC.

Energy measurement

Smart LED lights also need to have power calculation capabilities. From smart meters to voltage controllers to electric car chargers, each smart grid device has an energy measurement function that provides accurate power usage information to power companies and users in real time. Most lighting fixtures that send back power consumption provide detailed information about the building and municipal lighting environment, ensuring that the power company's charges and power consumption are strictly consistent. Respond to user needs in a timely and accurate manner by dimming or turning off the lights when not in use. In addition, the power consumption fluctuations of a particular illuminator indicate that system maintenance, maintenance, or replacement is required. There is no doubt that many lights are in hard-to-reach areas, and optimized maintenance saves money. To generate useful data in the smart grid, the energy measurement design must maintain high precision measurements over a wide range of currents. Not only that, limiting or eliminating calibration time will also reduce overall system cost. Figure 4 shows a flexible LED lighting reference design with energy measurement capabilities. 5 energy measurement chip also provides system dimming and DALI interface.

Non-intelligent LED lighting is currently installed in many cities, which provides a huge opportunity for integrated modules that improve the performance of LED lighting. To be scalable, these systems need to be connected to an intelligent lighting system. If the cost and capacity of the LED are certain, simply replacing the relatively new and more efficient LEDs is less cost effective. Simple interfaces, such as DALI, allow for increased ALS, communication, and energy measurement capabilities in the future.

Figure 4: Complete smart LED lighting reference design with power measurement, ambient light detection and communication capabilities.

to sum up

Adding the key elements of “smart” lighting – ALS, communication and energy measurement – ​​will make LEDs more powerful and attractive. The measurement data provided by intelligent LEDs can further reduce the energy consumption of the lighting system and reduce operating and maintenance costs. With the addition of intelligent design, LEDs will fully realize their potential to beat traditional lighting in a race that is already in full swing. Here are a few typical smart lighting solutions that show you where smart lighting is.

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