At present, the automobile industry is developing rapidly, and related automobile technologies are constantly improving. Especially, automotive electronic technology is becoming more and more dominant in its development. It not only plays an important role in car safety, energy conservation and environmental protection, but is also changing. The function of the car.
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With the rapid development of electronic technology, the number of electrical devices on automobiles is increasing, and various types of electronic control units are also increasing. Traditional automotive electrical control methods (many electrical loads, sensors, meters, control mechanisms, and relays used to control high-power appliances) and increasingly complex operating conditions have led to an increasing number of wires, types, and nodes. The complexity is getting bigger and bigger, which makes the electrical design and manufacture of the whole vehicle more and more complicated, the wires are getting thicker, the wiring is difficult, the reliability is degraded, and the troubleshooting time of the line connection is longer and longer. In addition, electronic control systems such as EFI engines, electronic air conditioners, electronic navigation systems, ABS, power windows, smart shock absorbers, ESP electronic stability programs, BAS brake assist systems, retarders, EBA electronic brake assist systems, TPMS tires Pressure detection systems and electric steering are widely used in vehicles.
In order to meet the driver's need for more and more new functions of the car, in the car design process, the time exchange of information between the above systems becomes an inevitable problem. When the traditional harness control method has reached the limit, the concept of the network has been introduced into the design and application of automobiles.
First, CAN bus
(1) The concept of CAN bus
The CAN bus Controller Area Network (also known as the multiplex system) is a new type of serial data communication bus. It is not only widely used in various vehicles such as automobiles, trains and ships, but also used in industrial control. CAN has become one of the most important buses in the world. In the mid-1980s, the technology was proposed by the German company BOSCH; in 1991, the CAN bus was first adopted in batches on the Mercedes-Benz S-type sedan; in 1994, SAE (American Society of Automotive Engineers) developed on the basis of CAN for truck/bus applications. Develop SAEJ1939 (CAN-based high-level communication protocol).
(B) the characteristics of the CAN bus
1. Multi-master stations perform bus access based on priority.
2. Non-destructive priority-based bus arbitration.
3. Multi-address information transmission by receiving filtering; remote data request.
4. Flexible configuration.
5. Full system data compatibility.
6. Error detection and error signaling.
7. Packets that are lost during arbitration or corrupted due to an error can be automatically resent.
8. Discrimination of temporary errors and permanent fault nodes and automatic separation of faulty nodes from the CAN bus.
(III) Advantages of CAN bus application
1. By connecting the various control computers through the transmission bus, the number of wires and the connection terminals are reduced, the vehicle quality and the probability of failure are reduced, and the reliability and safety of the vehicle are improved.
2. Each electronic control system communicates according to a unified protocol rule, and the transmission speed is improved, and the amount of information transmitted is large.
3. Sensor input can be shared between control modules to reduce the number of sensors.
4. With fault self-detection, diagnostic function.
5. Can implement complex control functions (smart door, central control multimedia system, etc.)
6. It is easier to achieve an increase or decrease in subsystems.
7. It is not necessary to increase the system hardware when you need to add control functions, just by rewriting the relevant software.
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