**What is Induction Heating?**
Induction heating is a process that uses electromagnetic induction to heat conductive materials, typically metals. It is widely used in metalworking for applications such as thermal processing, heat treatment, welding, and melting. The basic idea is that when an alternating current flows through an induction coil, it creates a magnetic field. This field induces eddy currents within the workpiece, which generate heat due to the material’s resistance.
An induction heating system generally consists of three main components: an induction coil, an AC power supply, and the workpiece. The shape and size of the coil can vary depending on the application. As the alternating current passes through the coil, it generates an alternating magnetic field that penetrates the workpiece, causing internal currents to form and heat the material.
This method is efficient, precise, and non-contact, making it ideal for industrial applications where speed and control are essential.
**Principle of Induction Heating**
The core principle behind induction heating is based on three fundamental effects: electromagnetic induction, skin effect, and heat conduction. When an alternating current flows through the induction coil, it generates a magnetic field that induces a current in the workpiece. This induced current, known as an eddy current, flows in the opposite direction and causes the material to heat up.
At higher frequencies, the skin effect becomes more pronounced, causing the current to concentrate near the surface of the material. The depth at which the current penetrates is called the "skin depth," and it depends on factors like the material's resistivity and permeability. Most of the heat (around 86.5%) is generated within this thin layer.
There are several key effects involved in induction heating:
1. **Surface Effect**: The current distribution in a conductor isn’t uniform; it tends to concentrate near the surface.
2. **Proximity Effect**: When two conductors are close and carry high-frequency currents in opposite directions, the current moves inward; if they flow in the same direction, it moves outward.
3. **Circulation Effect**: In ring-shaped conductors, the current density is highest inside the ring.
4. **Sharp Angle Effect**: At sharp corners, the magnetic field concentrates, leading to excessive heating and potential damage.
5. **Magnetizer Effect**: A magnet placed near the coil helps redirect the magnetic field, improving efficiency in certain applications like inner-hole heating.
**Induction Heating Applications**
One of the most common uses of induction heating is surface hardening or quenching. This technique offers excellent surface quality, minimal distortion, and reduced oxidation or decarburization. The process involves placing the workpiece inside a copper coil and passing high- or intermediate-frequency current through it. This rapidly heats the surface (to temperatures between 800–1000°C) while keeping the core cool. After heating, the part is quickly cooled using water or oil, resulting in a hardened surface layer.
Compared to traditional methods, induction heating provides faster heating, finer microstructure, and better control over the hardened depth. It is also easier to automate and integrate into production lines.
**Induction Heating Equipment Manufacturers Ranking**
Several companies specialize in producing high-quality induction heating equipment. One notable manufacturer is the **Beijing Million Electronic Technology Center**, located in Beijing’s Haidian High-Tech Park. The company has a broad range of products, including gas detectors, metal detectors, environmental equipment, laboratory tools, and more. With operations across 33 provinces in China, it is known for its strong capital base, extensive inventory, and reliable after-sales service.
The company has built a solid reputation in the industry and is recognized for its customer satisfaction and product quality. Its expertise spans multiple sectors, making it a trusted name in the field of electronic and industrial equipment.
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