With the rapid advancement of technology, discussions about the future of driving have become more intense than ever. Among these topics, C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) has emerged as one of the key technologies driving the development of autonomous vehicles. It has the potential to revolutionize the way we travel. But when will C-V2X be ready? What are its advantages? How will it make our lives easier? If you're curious about these questions, keep reading — this is your guide to understanding C-V2X.
1.
C-V2X is set to be commercially deployed in vehicles by 2020. The technology is gaining strong support from the industry ecosystem. In March 2017, 3GPP finalized the C-V2X Rel-14 specification. Through collaboration with various industry players, the 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) has helped define and test C-V2X protocols and standards. Many automakers are conducting field tests around the world, such as our collaboration with Ford in the U.S., the EU ConVeX project with Audi, and the "Towards 5G" test with Citroën in France.
2.
C-V2X is a modern wireless technology that offers superior performance. Unlike older V2X technologies that were developed a decade ago, C-V2X benefits from improvements in modulation, coding, and receiver design. It supports longer communication distances in dense environments, up to twice that of IEEE 802.11p-based systems. It also delivers better non-line-of-sight (NLOS) performance, enhanced reliability, higher capacity, and improved congestion control. These features make it ideal for critical safety applications and future autonomous driving scenarios.
3.
C-V2X is the only V2X technology with a clear path to 5G. It is backward and forward compatible, ensuring smooth evolution. The C-V2X Rel-14 specification is designed to evolve toward a 5G-based air interface, adding new features while maintaining compatibility with previous versions. This evolution will bring high throughput, wideband support, ultra-low latency, and high reliability to support advanced use cases like sensor sharing, intent exchange, and real-time HD map updates.
4.
C-V2X is more cost-effective compared to other V2X technologies. By 2021, most new vehicles will come with embedded cellular connectivity, and many manufacturers plan to equip nearly all their cars with cellular modems. C-V2X can leverage this existing infrastructure, allowing automakers to benefit from economies of scale and reduce system complexity. Additionally, by using existing cellular networks for vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, C-V2X can combine roadside units (RSUs) and network capabilities to improve security and support autonomous driving.
5.
C-V2X is a secure technology with predictable performance. 3GPP defines strict minimum performance requirements to ensure reliable and consistent communication in real-world conditions. For example, it sets a minimum block error rate (BLER) requirement to ensure reliable communication at speeds up to 500 km/h. Unlike IEEE 802.11p-based systems, all C-V2X transceiver vendors must adhere to these specifications to guarantee consistent performance.
6.
C-V2X operates on the ITS spectrum, ensuring safety and saving lives. It supports two complementary communication modes: direct communication for active safety applications and network-based communication for infotainment and non-delay-sensitive data. This allows vehicles to communicate directly with each other, pedestrians, and infrastructure, while also connecting to the cloud for real-time traffic updates and map information.
7.
C-V2X is designed for low-latency direct communication and does not rely on network assistance. It provides extended range and enhanced reliability without requiring cellular network coverage. This makes it ideal for real-time secure information exchange between vehicles, infrastructure, and pedestrians.
8.
C-V2X is optimized for high-speed vehicle use cases. It has been designed to support speeds up to 500 km/h under various road conditions. Based on years of standardization and deployment, C-V2X continues to evolve to meet the needs of fast-moving vehicles.
9.
Even without a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), C-V2X ensures stable synchronization. It uses robust mechanisms to synchronize from multiple sources, which is crucial for accurate timing in safety-critical applications. While GNSS is still used for location, microsecond-level timing is more important for avoiding errors and ensuring system reliability.
10.
Safety is at the core of C-V2X design. It leverages existing security and transport protocols defined by automotive standards organizations like ISO, ETSI, and IEEE. As the momentum behind C-V2X grows, companies like Qualcomm continue to innovate. Recently, they introduced the Qualcomm 9150 C-V2X chipset, supporting direct communication for PC5, and it is expected to be available in 2018 for mass production.
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