Whether it is the "green lighting plan" proposed in the United States or the "Green Lighting Project Implementation Plan" formulated by China, it has its clear purpose and objectives and has rich connotations. To implement China's green lighting project and achieve the desired goals, it is necessary to make lighting engineering design, scientific research, production and maintenance professionals, managers of various industries, regions, and enterprises and institutions more comprehensive in green lighting projects. Understanding and correct understanding, knowing that it is a comprehensive system engineering, it is necessary to adopt policy measures and technical measures from various aspects to be effective, and the simplification or one-sided understanding of this problem is harmful. . I think we need to have a correct understanding of the following issues.
1. Green lighting projects require people not to simply think that it is just energy saving, but to understand from a higher level, to improve energy conservation and environmental protection, so that the meaning is broader, farther away, some areas, some units may I believe that the power supply is not so tight now, and lighting power saving is not so important. This simple understanding is that energy conservation is not recognized from the height of environmental protection, because the purpose of the green lighting project is not only an economic benefit, but more important. It is a big topic that focuses on the use of resources and environmental protection. By lighting energy saving, thereby reducing the amount of power generation, that is, reducing the amount of coal burning (currently more than 70% of China's power generation is still dependent on coal), to reduce emissions of harmful gases such as S02, C02 and nitrogen oxides, facing the world's environment And the subject of development has far-reaching significance.
2. Green lighting project requires lighting energy saving, which is not completely energy saving in the traditional sense. This has been clearly described in the "Green Lighting Project Implementation Plan" in China, which is to meet the lighting quality and visual environment conditions. High requirements, therefore can not rely on reducing lighting standards to achieve energy savings, but to fully use modern technology to improve lighting engineering design level and square weeping, improve lighting equipment efficiency to achieve.
3. The implementation of green lighting projects cannot be simply understood as providing high-efficiency energy-saving lighting equipment. Efficient equipment is the material basis for heavy play, but it should also have correct and reasonable lighting engineering design. The design is unified and overall, and it plays a decisive role in the implementation of green lighting requirements. In addition, the operation and maintenance management also has many neglected functions. Without this factor, the implementation of lighting energy conservation is not complete.
4. Efficient lighting equipment is an important basis for lighting energy conservation, but lighting equipment is not just a light source. Light source is the primary factor that has been recognized by people, but not unique, the efficiency of lamps and electrical accessories (such as ballasts), energy saving for lighting. The impact can not be ignored, this is often not noticed, such as a diffuser with a diffuser, or a straight tubular fluorescent lamp with a grille, high efficiency and high quality products can be more efficient than low quality products 50% to 100%, which shows its energy-saving effect.
5. High-efficiency light source is the primary factor in lighting energy conservation However, some people simply promote the promotion of high-efficiency light sources to promote energy-saving lamps (and the energy-saving lamps here are specifically for compact fluorescent lamps). This is very comprehensive and very harmful. Because there are many types of light sources, many efficient ones should Promotion. In terms of energy conversion efficiency, it has the same performance as compact fluorescent lighting (such as straight tube fluorescent lamps), and has higher luminous efficiency (such as high-pressure nano lamps, metal halide lamps). These high-efficiency light sources have their own characteristics. And the advantages, each with its applicable place, is by no means simply replaced by a kind of energy-saving light source. According to the application site conditions, at least three types of high-efficiency light sources should be promoted.
The first type is a high-intensity gas discharge lamp (HID) represented by a high-pressure nano lamp or a metal halide lamp, which is suitable for tall industrial plants, stadiums, roads, squares, outdoor work places, and the like. Such a wide range of places, using more light sources (more obvious according to the total power of the light source), the most significant energy saving effect.
The second category is based on straight tube fluorescent lamps (with T8 fluorescent lamps as the main focus), which are suitable for lower indoor places such as office buildings, classrooms, libraries, shopping malls, and production sites with heights below 4.5m ( Such as instruments, electronics, textiles, cigarettes, etc.).
The third category is based on compact fluorescent lamps (including "H" type, "U" type, "D" type, ring type, etc.), replacing incandescent lamps, suitable for family homes, hotels, restaurants, foyers, corridors and other places.
Obviously, the second type of lamp can not be applied to the first type of place, and it is not suitable for promotion and application in the second type of place. It is necessary to clearly understand that the above three types of light sources should be actively promoted, but the first and second types of places have a larger scope and energy conservation. The potential is greater and there is more to be ignored. Some people only emphasize compact fluorescent lamps. They exaggerate to an inappropriate degree, and even make a very wrong estimate. They propose to replace the annual output of incandescent lamps produced in China with tens of percent for compact fluorescent lamps and then with incandescent lamps. The comparison of power consumption has calculated the conclusion that the annual power saving will reach 30 billion, 50 billion, or even 70 billion kilowatt hours. This kind of scientific calculation seems to be based on the wrong assumptions. The conclusion of such fallacy will be seriously misleading. It seems that as long as more compact fluorescent lamps are produced and applied, the goal of green lighting engineering in China can be achieved. This simplifies and vulgarizes a complex and comprehensive system engineering.
Develop and promote the application of efficient and high-quality lighting equipment
1. The light source is the primary factor for energy saving, and the light source and energy saving depend on his luminous efficiency, but the light source is not the only factor. If a high-efficiency light source, its other poor performance will affect or even affect Innocent to play its energy-saving effect. These properties mainly include color rendering index, service life, starting point performance, dimming performance, etc. For example, the light efficiency of low-voltage nano lamps is much higher than other high-efficiency light sources, but because of its low color rendering index, it can not be used in many places. Used, it can only be applied to highways so far.
In the first category, namely tall industrial buildings and outdoor venues, the main promotion of metal halide lamps and high-pressure nano lamps, the former with more excellent color temperature and color rendering index, more applications, while the latter with higher light efficiency It is popular with longer life, especially in outdoor (roads, plazas, etc.), but in indoors, because the color rendering index is too low, it is greatly limited, and the color-improving high-pressure nano lamp is The color rendering index is greatly improved and is widely used. In such places, fluorescent high-voltage lamps used in the past, because of their low light efficiency, other properties are not good, should not be used, and should still be used gradually; as for self-ballasted fluorescent high-voltage lamps, More should not be used anymore.
In the second category of places, the use of straight tube fluorescent lamps should be actively promoted. At present, the main task is to replace T12 tubes (diameter 38mm) with T8 tubes (diameter 26mm). T8 tubes are much better than T12 in terms of light efficiency and longevity. Lamps should be used unconditionally. In Europe, America, Japan and other countries, T12 lamps have been rarely used, and even tend to be eliminated. It is a pity that up to now, there are still a large number of T12 lamps in operation and even new buildings in China. The T12 lamps are also designed and used. It can be seen that the implementation of green lighting projects still requires a lot of arduous work. In addition, due to the reduced diameter of the T8 tube, the volume is reduced by nearly half, and the consumption of harmful substances such as phosphors is also reduced, which is greatly beneficial to environmental protection.
It should also be mentioned that when China is actively promoting the replacement of T12 lamps with T8 lamps, European and American countries have developed T5 fluorescent lamps with a diameter of 16mm. China's Zhejiang is closely following the development of world lighting technology. In 1997, it also developed T5 lamps. Tube, no doubt, T5 tube with a thinner diameter, more than 80% of the T12 tube volume, reduce more than 80% of the phosphor material, and greatly reduce environmental pollution, get better environmental benefits, can be said to be A new product with true green lighting.
There are certain resistances and difficulties in promoting the application of new high-efficiency light sources. First, the understanding and concept cannot keep up. Second, there are still some problems in the quality and reliability of some new light sources, especially compact fluorescent lamps. Most new high-efficiency light sources are expensive, increasing the cost of construction investment or users. These problems need to be solved practically. The problem of understanding requires a lot of publicity, education, and training, and there is a lot of work to be done. New light sources need to improve reliability, improve service life, and reduce luminous flux attenuation. In recent years, the competent authorities have done a lot of work to adjust the light source production structure, expand the output of high-efficiency light sources, introduce advanced technology, and improve the light source level. Regarding the price of new light sources, there is a problem of cost reduction, but I think it is mainly the reliability problem of new light sources, and people's understanding of its price. The high-efficiency light sources mentioned above are more expensive than traditional incandescent lamps. Light bulbs are much more expensive, and they also need to add high-priced electrical accessories, so they give people an unbearable price feeling, but after careful analysis, taking into account the high luminous efficiency and long life of these light sources, the price is not It must be much higher or even lower. I think that the price of various light sources should not be compared with a single bulb, nor should it be based on the unit wattage of the input electric power. Instead, the unit light energy (ie, the number of lumens) output by the light source should be used for comparison. And the same service life, for this reason, it is more practical to convert the price of the light source to the luminous flux per 1000 lm and the comparison after the service life of 1000 hours. The data is listed in Table 2. Of course, this kind of comparison is not fair enough, because the indicators such as the color rendering index have not been considered.
2. In the lighting equipment, the luminaire is the second element except the light source, and it is a factor that is easy for people to pay attention to. We are important to solve two problems, one is to develop high-efficiency and high-quality series of lamps, and the second is It is necessary to use the lamps correctly and reasonably.
(1)Developing high-efficiency and high-quality series of complete lamps. This is the task of lighting research and production enterprises. For more than ten years, China has carried out research from basic to application, technology introduction, and developed a large number of lamps that are compatible with the development of new light sources. Progress, but overall, the research team of lamps and lanterns is very small, the scale of lighting production enterprises is small, and there are still many gaps compared with the advanced level of foreign countries. The main tasks are:
To improve the efficiency of lamps, some lamps on the market now have a efficiency of only 0.3~0.4. Most of the light energy emitted by the light source is absorbed, and the energy utilization rate is too low. To improve efficiency, on the one hand, there must be scientific design ideas and advanced design. By means of computer-aided design (CAD) to calculate the reflective surface and other parts of the luminaire, on the other hand, it is optimized from the material of the reflector, the diffuser and the material of the protective cover.
Green lighting and environmental protection
The so-called green lighting refers to lighting products designed by scientific lighting, high efficiency, long life, safety and stable performance (including light source, electrical accessories, lamps, wiring equipment and dimming control equipment and light control equipment), and finally A lighting system that is environmentally friendly, efficient, comfortable, safe, economical, environmentally friendly, and improves people's work, study and quality of life.
In 1991, the US Environmental Protection Agency first proposed the concept of green lighting engineering to promote environmental protection, and began to promote green lighting plans.
In 1993, China began to implement green lighting projects.
Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and acid rain in the atmosphere accelerate the corrosion of plants, soil and aquatic organisms. The human body is exposed to a certain concentration of sulfur dioxide and oxide in the air for a long time, which can cause respiratory diseases. The continuous accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs infrared radiation from the ground and forms a "greenhouse effect" of the atmosphere, which causes the earth to warm. Affecting the global climate, melting icebergs, expanding seawater, rising sea levels, changing ecosystems, affecting agricultural production, have a huge impact on the new human society. Reducing acid rain and preventing global warming are common goals of all countries in the world today.
Petroleum fuel power generation produces 1,100 carbon dioxide, 9 grams of sulfur dioxide, and 4.4 grams of nitrogen oxides. Promoting green lighting can save a lot of electric energy and reduce the pollution of chemical waste to nature, reduce the burning of fossil fuels, and effectively reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
Green lighting products should meet the following conditions:
a. High luminous efficiency, saving energy; b. long life, c. Comfort and improve lighting quality
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