Robots are doing their best? AI also needs "deep learning"

"Sunspring" "This is a sci-fi short film that you can't guess the end, the biggest brain!" - This is a commentary by the audience on the first artificial intelligence film "Sunspring". The film, which appeared in the London Science Fiction Film Festival in June this year, has aroused great interest and attention because its scriptwriter "Benjamin" is not a human being.

Letting artificial intelligence (ArTIficial Intelligence: AI) be a more challenging attempt than Google's AlphaGo.

The film's director, Oscar Sharp, and Ross Goodwin, a researcher in the field of artificial intelligence at New York University, have imported dozens of screenplays into AI and let it "learn". After a few seconds, the AI ​​began to write the script "唰唰", and eventually they made the film according to the robot's understanding and expression of human nature.

Faced with the aggressive challenges of artificial intelligence, human beings can sit on the bottom line of the mountain, and they have complex and ever-changing emotions. It is the temperament that irrational logic can be found, such as "I don't know why crying," and most people believe that the machine can only play the role of servant. The emergence of this non-human work makes us wonder: Is the future predictable?

This is a "language" math problem

Human scriptwriters often have to think hard, wait for inspiration, or observe life and sublimate them into artistic creation. The scriptwriter is not so complicated here in "Xiao Ming" (Benjieming's nickname).

"In fact, artificial intelligence scriptwriting is the use of machine learning technology to achieve the output of language text." Li Qingsheng, a professor at the School of Electronics and Information Technology of Zhejiang Communication College, told the Science and Technology Daily that it is similar to the principle of writing poems in previous years. The difference is that the latest is used. Artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning, deep machine learning, etc. "Machine learning" is a branch of artificial intelligence, focusing on behavioral patterns based on statistical analysis of data.

So how does “Xiao Ming” learn? "When learning these scripts, you need to divide the script into words, sentences and paragraphs, and as a unit of analysis. This process is called the structure of the script, and then find the association pattern and semantic characteristics of the period." Beijing Institute of Technology Software Zhang Longfei, an associate professor in the Department of Digital Media Technology, explained.

"This association can be the association between adjacent words, or the relationship between the upper sentence and the lower sentence, the upper segment and the lower segment." Zhao Yu, an expert in AI research, said.

Finding the connection means that "Xiao Ming" touched the law of the words and sentences. "Using the machine learning method, the machine automatically analyzes the rules of the group words and group sentences in the existing scripts, and then predicts the unknown words." Li Qingsheng pointed out that for people's learning, we often say "seeing a lot of knowledge." "In fact, the same is true for machine learning." Each script includes hundreds of text lines, and each word has a certain pattern. When you know this rule, you can let the machine automatically organize these lines of text, thus creating new The script.

But is this still a script in the general sense? "It can only be based on the existing learning materials, based on the contextual semantic relevance of statistical learning predictions, making it a formal script." Zhao Yu is blunt.

It is not difficult to see from the film that AI is full of strength to rely on "sci-fi". In a futuristic world of time and space, the suspense background, the slightly abrupt triangular love affair, the male lord's suicide, and the eyeball are all destined to die. All these elements make the AI ​​"hard". Among them, the large-scale preface does not match the dialogue, the plot of the break, and the illogical script structure, so that the netizens can see it as a face, and call "Xiao Ming, humans really don't know what you are talking about!"

It seems that instead of saying "Xiao Ming" compiling a script, it is better to say that it has done a "language" math problem.

However, Li Qingsheng said that the "virgin show" of AI should be given more tolerance. "The script creation of the machine is still in the 'primary school' era, and it is necessary to fully allow such 'primary school students' to go to the 'cat painting tiger'' than the gourd painting."

So, in the eyes of professional drama writers, what is the first show of "Xiao Ming"?

Gao Lu is an associate professor in the Department of Drama and Film and Literature at the Communication University of China. He is also a screenwriter and has written more than ten film and television works. After watching the movie for more than nine minutes, he admitted to the reporter: "I don't think this is a movie story."

"The standard of a script should be to tell one thing logically, to shape the characters and to convey emotions." Gao Lu believes that as far as the film itself is concerned, the drama lines lack logic, can not see the characters, can not feel the emotional transmission, and even Can't understand the basic logical relationship.

Doing "nonsense" is a matter of high IQ

Then, why did "Xiao Ming" compile the script so "lei"? The answer may be ridiculous: ASICs that are too logical and regular, learn not to be "brainful" and "nonsense" of human beings.

In the film, the male second opening is "I want to go to the skull to go", it seems inexplicable; and the male No. 1 does not move, "I don't know what you are talking about", has nothing to do with the story before and after...

In Li Qingsheng's view, although "Xiao Ming" uses the most advanced machine learning technology, it is still far from the same level as human scriptwriting. "After all, compared with robots writing news, it is much more difficult for robots to write scripts. Not only the language expression of text lines, but also the emotional expression of text lines, but also the characters and language environment are important considerations."

Zhang Longfei pointed out more clearly that the reason for the "Thunder drama" is that, firstly, there is more or less difference between the semantic gap, that is, what the computer can see and the knowledge abstracted by the person; the second is that the amount of learning is not enough. . “Machine learning requires a large amount of even a large number of samples to learn, and dozens of trainings are seriously inadequate.”

At the beginning of this year, AlphaGo, who defeated the Go Champion, learned a lot of professional chess players' scores, adding up to 30 million steps. "But the rules of Go are simple and certain, so AlphaGo can create a game and improve it in the right and left. Compared to learning Go, the complexity of script creation is many orders of magnitude higher, so there is more demand for learning content." Zhao Yu said.

If AI is not enough, it can be "will be replenished," but innovation is the most headache. "The core of creation lies in innovation, and innovation is to some extent to break the constraints of existing rules. This invisibly increases the difficulty and complexity of machine-writing to write scripts." Zhao Yu believes that the creation of a playwright is not only It is only through learning a large number of scripts, what you see and hear in your life, what you hear, what you read, the novels you read, news, essays, documentary, etc. may become the material of creation. Therefore, to expand the learning content, you must let the machine inquire about the script. Everything other than that. However, due to its disorder, it has increased the difficulty invisibly.

Pinocchio’s story has no ending yet.

The well-known "Pinocchio's Story" contains multiple metaphors about AI. The wood child who loves to lie in the story eventually became a real person because of honesty. But in the real world, robots that lie, even if they don't get the flesh, have made us feel tremble.

For "ambitious" scientists, AI will one day take off the hat of "Ray Drama". Of course, those who insist on "the highest humanity" will not agree.

One of the technical bottlenecks if you want to make a robot a qualified scriptwriter is whether the creative ability of the scriptwriter can be replaced by a machine. "The current technology can completely imitate the style of a well-known choreographer and re-arrange the existing scripts, but there has not been any real innovation." Zhang Longfei said that another major problem is that the sample of scriptwriters that can be learned is relatively scarce. Not quite satisfied with the massive learning needs.

"Learning without thinking is embarrassing." In Li Qingsheng's eyes, it is more urgent than mass learning to improve the machine's understanding of the text, but the current AI is not so "smart" in semantic understanding.

"The word polysemy is a big problem." Li Qingsheng said, for example, the two lines often seen in the script "Who is playing?" "I am playing" can be understood as "beating", "typing", "taking a taxi." "And call" and other contexts. In addition, the analysis of synonyms is a hurdle. The words "loyalty", "faithfulness", "practical" and "real" have similar semantics. They can be replaced with each other in certain occasions, but they are obviously different in usage.

What do you want to choose? The current AI can only be "stupid and unclear."

In addition to the characteristics of these words, the "hidden time" of Chinese grammar makes the machine "have dizzy". "Sometimes natural language must follow grammatical norms, but sometimes language can break through grammatical constraints, resulting in new expressions and new usages." Li Qingsheng said.

Obviously, the current AI screenwriters are still not "qualified", but Zhang Longfei thinks that day is not far. "Perhaps the robot can't be a groundbreaking screenwriter, but it shouldn't be a below-average screenwriter."

Zhang Longfei revealed that there are already teams in China that are developing scriptwriter robots. "The robot may not only be able to play the screenwriter in the future, but also evaluate who the audience of the script is, how the box office is, and adapt the same script to different audiences, venues, seasons, etc., in order to meet the individualization. Audience needs, etc."

Scientists are full of confidence, but Gao Lu feels that "can be an assistant, but can not completely replace humans." He believes that machines may be able to create certain types of stories and assist humans in studying the aesthetic preferences of the audience, but cannot fully replace the artistic perception and emotional expression of the human brain. "I am cautious about whether AI can convey human emotions, resonate with the audience, and demonstrate a high degree of philosophical connotation."

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