In May 2009, State Grid Corporation announced that it officially announced the “Strong Smart Grid†program. The launch of the smart grid program will lead to major changes in grid production operations, operations management, customer service and social energy use models. As an important feature of smart grid, informatization, its development trend and construction direction will become a common concern of power grid enterprises and IT industry.
First, the composition of the smart grid
At present, the global concept of smart grid has not yet formed a unified concept, and countries have their own characteristics in the construction content of smart grid. According to the analysis of the construction characteristics and objectives of the smart grid at this stage, the construction of the smart grid mainly consists of the following parts:
1, flexible distributed power supply
One of the advantages of smart grids is compatibility, which supports centralized access to large power supplies and access to more distributed clean energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind power, and hydropower. The grid-connected operation of distributed power supplies puts new demands on the power flow control of the distribution network. The smart grid will provide new protection schemes, voltage control technologies and meters to meet the needs of two-way power flow. Simultaneous access to centralized and distributed energy sources will increase the reliability and efficiency of the power system and provide support for the peak load power of the grid. At the same time, when the large power grid is severely damaged, these distributed power sources can form islands or microgrids by themselves. Provide emergency power to important users such as hospitals, transportation hubs and broadcast television.
2, strong backbone grid
State Grid Corporation proposed to build a strong smart grid with UHV grid as the backbone grid and coordinated development of all levels of power grids. It is a smart grid construction target in line with China's national conditions. Through a unified and common platform for comprehensive coordination, planning and operation of the power grid, a large-scale energy base is built to build a UHV grid consisting of 1000 kV AC and ±800 kV and ±1000 kV DC. The electric power “highway†promotes the intensive development of large coal-fired power, large hydropower, large nuclear power, and large-scale renewable energy bases, and realizes optimal resource allocation across the country. At the same time, through the construction of advanced dispatching center, large grid operation control technology and flexible power transmission technology and equipment development to ensure the stability of the grid in the case of long-distance, heavy-load transmission.
3. Advanced distribution automation
Compared with the transmission grid, the flexibility, automation analysis and control level of the distribution network are not enough. The construction of advanced distribution automation will become an important part of the smart grid. Advanced distribution automation will include system monitoring and control, power distribution system management functions and interaction with users to enable load management and real-time pricing of electricity prices. By cooperating with other components of the smart grid, distribution automation can improve system monitoring, reactive power and voltage management, reduce line loss, improve asset utilization, and assist in optimizing personnel scheduling and maintenance operations.
4. Communication equipment
In the current grid equipment, except for some secondary equipment that can realize remote operation, the information transmission between most power equipment is basically one-way, and the future smart grid will form a new communication and interaction. The mechanism realizes the information exchange between the grid equipment, which can greatly improve the intelligence of the grid. Using the interactive nature of the smart grid, it can realize two-way transmission of data, implement a dynamic floating price system, and use sensors to monitor the operation status of key equipment such as power generation, transmission, distribution, and power supply in real time, and meet the peak period of power supply. At that time, timely scheduling can be carried out between different regions to balance the power supply gap, thereby achieving optimal management of the entire power system operation and improving the stability and reliability of the power grid operation.
5. Real-time grid monitoring and control
A complete smart grid needs to establish a real-time grid monitoring system covering power generation, transmission grids and distribution networks. It can realize real-time (second-to-millisecond delay) real-time monitoring of grid status, monitoring grid operation, and establishing power sensor systems and updates. The power system's automatic control system, grid performance information can provide automatic, near real-time grid power control capabilities through the integrated SCADA system to solve the problem of predicting, detecting and repairing the safe operation of the power system. Therefore, through the perfect smart grid monitoring and scheduling, it is possible to find faults as early as possible, take correct measures to quickly isolate the problem, avoid costly power outages, ensure grid security and power reliability, and realize grid self-healing function. The efficiency of the management system is becoming more and more complex. This also requires the integration of decentralized decision-making mechanisms, that is, intelligent integration into the grid, thereby optimizing the grid management and greatly reducing power outages.
6. Interactive terminal solutions
Another feature distinguishing smart grids from traditional grids is “interactionâ€, which enables two-way interaction with the most end-users of electricity. Obtaining optimal power supply solutions will dramatically change existing electricity usage and improve customer satisfaction. . The most basic requirement for interaction with users is that the grid enterprise can collect and track the power consumption information of the client in real time, control the load, analyze and adopt the most economical and stable power supply scheme; at the same time, the terminal equipment can transmit real-time electricity price, electricity and other information. Conducted to the user. Therefore, in the construction of smart grids, the application of smart metering devices will become the basic equipment for realizing the interaction between power supply and power. Through the smart metering device, the power supply enterprise can collect customer information in real time, and the management software integrated with the smart metering device can acquire the data for analysis, grasp the load information, and mediate the power distribution; according to the power consumption information, the power supply enterprise can calculate the real-time electricity price. Forecast the trend of electricity prices and adjust the electricity consumption plan of electric appliances through smart terminals of user terminals.
Second, the positioning of information
The construction of smart grid will open a major innovation in the power grid, and informationization is an indispensable important content and means of change in this innovation. The deep integration of information technology and power industry will also be more fully reflected in the construction of smart grid. .
State Grid Corporation mentioned in the definition of smart grid concept that “smart grid will be a unified and strong smart grid with information, digitization, automation and interactive featuresâ€, and the importance of informatization as a breakthrough in “four modernizations†. The grid enterprise information construction started earlier. On the basis of production scheduling automation, various professional applications have gradually developed, forming information networks, basic software and hardware, application systems, data resources, integration platforms, information security, IT management and services. An information system composed of other aspects. At present, the informatization of power grid enterprises has entered the stage of parallel development of construction and application. In terms of infrastructure, the fiber backbone communication network is completed, providing an information channel for digital communication-based interaction between devices. In terms of personnel training, the dispatching center and information authority of the grid enterprises have trained a large number of talents who are familiar with power production business and IT technology through years of dispatching automation and management informationization. The current power enterprise information application is shifting from specialized application to enterprise information integration application. In this process, the degree of digitalization of power grid business has been greatly improved. The current construction process of power grid information is the only way for smart grid construction. The results of grid enterprise informationization have laid a good foundation for the future construction of smart grid.
Third, the development trend of information
Under the framework of smart grid construction, informatization construction will face new development requirements as the demand for grid applications increases.
1. Informatization will penetrate all aspects of the business value chain
At present, the grid enterprise information construction mainly focuses on marketing charges, enterprise resource management and office automation, and the application level in dispatch management, power grid optimization, production management, and demand side management is generally lagging behind. The construction of smart grid will cover all aspects of power supply, transmission and distribution, power sales and power management. Informatization will also become a means to realize intelligentization of various business links. The informationization department needs to provide support for more new business needs. And services such as providing intelligent device-based application functions, providing a monitorable digital broadband network for device security interactions, and the like. The information sector also needs to deepen its business and keep up with the business changes brought about by smart grid construction.
2. Management informationization and automation will be closely integrated
In the environment of building a smart grid, the combination of dispatch automation and management informationization will be closer. Since a large number of intelligent devices, instruments, sensors, etc. will be placed at the power grids and end users, there will be a large amount of equipment status data, real-time production data, and load data transmitted between various devices and systems. Enterprise production management and business decision-making need to rely on these data to complete, management decision information also needs to be effectively fed back to the grid operation and adjusted. The informationization department will need to provide a platform for automation and management information interaction, providing an environment and tools for more secure transmission, scientific management and analytical applications of real-time data.
3. Service-oriented information integration architecture is the development direction
At present, the informationization construction of power enterprises is shifting from professional-level applications to enterprise-level applications. Information integration construction has become an important means for power companies to solve information islands and realize information resource sharing. Smart grid construction will accelerate the process of enterprise information integration.
The foundation of the smart grid is the full digitization of the grid business. The information resources can be fully shared and applied to realize the coordinated operation of the business. Therefore, the information integration architecture will become the grid enterprise information architecture under the smart grid. Since various types of smart devices will enter the network environment in different periods in the future, and the smart grid-based environment will have various application requirements, the enterprise information integration platform is required to be a service-oriented platform capable of providing standardized interfaces. Compatible with decentralized and centralized information systems.
4. Technology leadership and business drive are equally important, and information technology and business innovation are deeply integrated.
The construction of smart grid will prompt grid companies to carry out a large number of business innovation and management innovation. The development of information technology will drive the improvement of business and management innovation capabilities, and encourage enterprises to develop more new applications and value-added services for users. At the same time, innovation of management capabilities will also place higher demands on information technology. The two promote each other and form a spirally rising state of benign development.
In such an environment, informatization will not only play the role of business support, but also need to fully participate in the process of enterprise business innovation, and continuously explore the application value of smart grid by introducing new information technology.
Third, the analysis of smart grid information system
CCID Consulting's smart grid research team believes that the information system of the smart grid is actually divided and combined from three different dimensions: information architecture level, grid industry chain and business type. Under the smart grid, whether it is from the direction of power flow or from the direction of the business chain, each link is accompanied by a large amount of data generation, acquisition, processing, for analysis and application, and finally presented to the user in different forms. The concept and technology of informatization will play a full role in the process of achieving intelligent goals in these links.
Under such an architecture, information construction will mainly have the following contents.
1. Robust communication network facilities and high-performance data processing equipment
The operation of smart grids relies on a large amount of data acquisition, transmission, and computational analysis. A robust communication network is the foundation of smart grids. Intelligent power equipment will communicate and interact with data via a communication network, implement automatic fault identification, and respond to disturbances that have occurred.
Based on communication network facilities, a large amount of data is transmitted and calculated between devices and systems, which puts higher requirements on data processing capability and computational efficiency. Distributed computing technology and grid computing server applications will emerge. .
2. Integrated grid real-time monitoring information and management information
The collection and analysis of grid operation data and equipment operating status data provide support for the entire grid operation control and management decisions. At present, the leading enterprises in grid enterprise informationization have realized the one-way interaction between real-time information and management information of the grid through the production of real-time data platform and other technical means, which provides support for further scientific management of grid operation. Through analysis of equipment status data, business management personnel can implement full lifecycle tracking management of equipment assets, effectively evaluate equipment and risk control, maximize the efficiency of equipment use, and realize the economic operation of the power grid.
3. Information integration platform based on enterprise service bus
The smart grid emphasizes the need to establish a high-speed information channel, so that data is driven by the business flow engine, in grid equipment operation, grid dispatching, and orderly flow between business systems, including grid real-time operational data, grid topology data, metering data, User data and external application system data to achieve information integration and form a business collaboration environment across departments, systems, and applications. Grid companies can integrate decentralized and centralized applications by establishing an enterprise service bus. At the same time, standard specifications such as interface protocols and Common Information Model (CIM) are essential for different systems and different entities to identify and exchange information and coordinate operations. Of course, in order to achieve a seamless connection between systems, it is also necessary to define the software and hardware components of each system and to clarify the interfaces between them.
4. Business function development and application innovation of next-generation power grid
The development and application innovation of smart grid business functions is the fundamental manifestation of the value of smart grid. The function development of the smart grid can cover all aspects of the business flow and power flow of the grid enterprise. From the current research progress and development trend, the business requirements related to smart grid basically include: power grid optimization, system simulation and policy, equipment life cycle management, equipment status detection and remote diagnosis, power transaction matching, Marketing and distribution integration management, demand side management, smart home appliance application solutions, and enterprise production and operation performance analysis. The business functions of the smart grid will continue to be enriched as the business develops and the demand grows.
5. Deep information security defense system
Strong is the foundation of the smart grid. It is not only required to ensure the security and stability of the backbone network, but also has strong anti-attack. It also has strict requirements for the security of the entire information environment on which the smart grid operates. Establish a set of coverage physical layer to The deep information security defense system of the application layer is the basic support for the strong smart grid.
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