Recently, "human-machine wars" have attracted the attention of the world. Some people are worried that artificial intelligence may cause harm to human beings and even threaten human survival. In this regard, British scientists Hawking and American Microsoft founder Gates and other celebrities also issued a warning. I am optimistic about the development of artificial intelligence, but only if humans are to formulate and follow the rules for designing and manufacturing robots.
Intelligent robots made by humans threaten the survival of human beings. This is called the "technical singularity" problem. The technical singularity is that robots with human intelligence constantly improve themselves, and create or breed increasingly smart, increasingly powerful robots that ultimately reach unpredictable and uncontrollable levels. If the technology of making intelligent robots crosses this singularity, the situation will be unable to clean up, hurting humans and even putting humanity at risk of extinction. But it is entirely possible for humans to prevent this from happening. It is entirely possible to prevent robotic manufacturing technology from meeting or surpassing this technical singularity. The key is whether we have the ability to design and manufacture robotic scientists and manufacturers to abide by the rules of artificial intelligence development.
In 1942, American science writer Asimov proposed the "three principles of robotics": first, the robot can not harm humans; second, the robot must obey the human command, unless it violates the first article; third, the robot must protect itself unless it violates the first Article or second. These principles are good, but now many scientists have proposed not only the problem that robots may harm people, but also the problems of human life and death. The "three principles of robotics" are far from being able to adapt to the needs of the times. Therefore, it is urgent to further develop rules for the development of artificial intelligence based on the "three principles of robotics".
The new rules for the development of artificial intelligence should include at least the following four aspects. First, robots should be prohibited from possessing all human intelligence, that is, they should be left in the design and manufacture of robots. For example, you can't let a robot have the ability to make or breed itself. Second, an artificial intelligence research ethics review committee should be established to review the intelligent robot research program. The research plan for robots with all human intelligence is not approved, and any funds are not allowed to fund such research projects. Third, similar to legislation prohibiting chemical and biological weapons, countries that design and manufacture intelligent robots and corresponding international agencies should legislate to ban the production of intelligent robots that are as smart as humans and even smarter than humans. Those who violate such laws are criminally liable. . Fourth, scientists and companies are required to design and manufacture ethical robots. It is more difficult for robots to make ethical decisions as much as we do. In view of the results of the application of functional nuclear magnetic resonance technology in the brain research in recent years, people's moral intuition and moral judgment may also have a neurobiological basis, or even a genetic basis, which provides a plan for the development of ethical robots. Scientific basis.
While preventing intelligent robots from harming humans, they should also consider how to treat them correctly. If the robot does not have the ability to perceive pain, then it has no moral status, just a human tool. However, once the robot can sense the pain, it creates an ethical problem. We can't arbitrarily treat animals that can sense pain. Even if we need to use them for experimental research under certain conditions, we should also care about their welfare. The research plan for them should be reviewed and approved by the animal experiment organization ethics committee. By the same token, once the robot can sense the pain, we should treat them like animals that can sense pain. Once a robot has self-awareness, including rationality, emotion, and social interaction, it should be treated as a person with a personality or a society in a sense, and enjoy the right to protect life and welfare.
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