We encounter design problems in our daily life and work. Cases of design and use are everywhere. We often need to face a variety of designs, such as:
Home interior design personal image design sales plan design product packaging design and so on.
If you bought a new home, how would you design it?
Now people should spend the most on consumer spending? When the house was bought, the problem faced was renovation. During the renovation process, many owners and decoration companies pay more attention to the quality and effect of the external decoration of the house. It is easy for people to neglect the interior electrical design of the house, resulting in many irrationalities after the completion of the renovation, or no indoor wiring of the household. As far as I know, in fact, the ones that have the greatest impact on future use are neither the smoothness of the brick shop on the ground nor the firmness of paint brushes on the walls, but the laying of indoor wires, telephone lines, and cable TV cables. Whether it is safe and reasonable, after the use of the fault can not repair, so the residential electrical circuit design is very important.
With the increasing number of household appliances of various types, especially the use of high-power electrical appliances such as air conditioners and electric water heaters, the design of residential electrical appliances has evolved from the original pure lighting to the multifunctional. In order to avoid overloading of the electrical circuit in the process of household use, it is necessary to design the electrical circuit.
Let's design a 125m2 three-room, two-room new house interior electrical circuit.
Case Study: "Design of Indoor Residential Electrical System"
(a) Purpose and Requirements:
1. Analyze the functional requirements of indoor lighting. What are the lighting requirements for the study, bedroom, living room, kitchen, bathroom, and balcony?
2. Interactions and roles between system components: What kind of fixtures should be selected for different lighting needs?
3. How to calculate the total household electricity consumption?
4. Indoor lighting wire laying safety standards?
5. System Design and Optimization:
(B) Design requirements:
1. Electricity load:
For example: lighting load 500w, entertainment load 1500w, kitchen load 1500w, air conditioning load 3000w
Maximum power P=500w+1500w+1500w+3000w=6500w
2. Lighting and various household appliances are safe and convenient to use, with little impact on each other and easy maintenance.
(c) Design analysis;
1. The purpose of the design is to facilitate the use of tenants, to meet the comfort and aesthetic requirements of the tenants, to facilitate maintenance, installation specifications, and to ensure the safety of indoor electrical circuits.
2. The indoor distribution system consists of a power distribution box and a number of loops that form the subsystems of the indoor electrical wiring system.
3. When a circuit fails, it does not affect the normal operation of other circuits.
(D) Design:
1. Power distribution box
The power supply enters the room through the special distribution box of the house. The distribution box should have short-circuit, overload, and leakage protection, with overload, over-voltage, and leakage protection. Each household should be provided with a weak or strong electric box, and an electric leakage protector with an operating current of 30mA should be provided in the distribution box. After the shunt is controlled and opened, the lighting, air conditioning, and sockets are separately controlled. The operating current controlled by the switch should be matched with the maximum operating current of the terminal device. Under normal circumstances, lighting 10A, socket 16A, cabinet air conditioner 20A, and household 40-60A.
2. Circuit design
As the above example: the maximum household electrical load is about 6.5kw, and the safe current is: K • (6.5kw/220v) = 35.4~38.4A.
Here K is the safety factor, which is 1.2~1.3. Currents that are too large must use separate circuit loops. The indoor distribution system adopts a multi-loop form. In this example, the lighting circuit, outlet circuit, and air-conditioning circuit are designed. Separate circuits are set for the kitchen and bathroom.
3. Wire and electrical equipment selection
(1) Conductors: For fire protection, maintenance and safety, it is best to use the single-stranded copper core wire with the "GB" plastic or rubber insulation protection layer of the Great Wall logo. The wire cell carrier area is generally: 1.5 mm2 for the lighting line. Socket line selection 2.5 square millimeters, the air conditioning line should not be less than 4 square millimeters, the wiring is selected green yellow color line, then the switch line (FireWire) with red, white, black, purple, any one. However, the color of the thread used in the same home improvement project should be consistent.
Things worth noting:
Home circuit design, 2000 years ago, the circuit design is generally: incoming line 4-6 mm2, lighting 1.5 mm2, socket 2.5 mm2, air conditioning 4 mm2 line. After 2000, the circuit design is generally: incoming line 6-10 mm2, lighting 2.5 mm2, socket 4 mm2, air conditioning 6 mm2 line. (Many residences in Beijing are: entrance line 6-10 mm2, lighting 2.5 mm2, socket 2.5 mm2, air conditioning 4 mm2 line)
The safety current passed through the wire in this example is 35.4~38.4A, and the current range allowed by the cross section of the copper wire is referenced. Therefore, it is appropriate to use a 4mm2 copper wire as a reference. The wiring scheme is: 6-10 mm2 for entrance line, 2.5 mm2 for illumination, 4 mm2 for socket, and 6 mm2 for air conditioning.
(2) Electrical equipment: The dimensions of the material panel of the power distribution box, meter, control switch leakage protection switch, power socket, switch panel, and socket should be consistent with the size of the embedded junction box; the surface is smooth, the brand logo is obvious, and Anti-counterfeiting mark and national electrician safety certification of the Great Wall logo; switch feels flexible when the switch is opened, the socket is stable, the copper sheet must have a certain thickness; the panel material should be flame-retardant and sturdy.
(five) line layout
1. Intelligent system: In the design of residential electrical circuits, telephone lines, cable television signal cables, video cables, and network cables should be embedded. Phone lines, cable television signal cables, and video cables should be embedded in the living room and three bedrooms to select one of them. The bedroom serves as a study and is embedded in a network cable.
2. Lighting circuit: install a main light chandeliers in the bedroom, living room, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, and terrace rooms, and install auxiliary light wall lights on the walls of sleeping rooms and living rooms.
3. Functional circuit: kitchen place refrigerator, electric rice cooker, electric water heater, exhaust fan power outlet, bathroom installation shower, washing machine power outlet, bedroom and living room installation of air conditioning power outlet, study installation of entertainment TV, stereo, computer, etc. The power outlets are separate power circuits.
4. Line layout: After the design of the electrical circuit of the house has been completed, the line drawing of the position of the line and the line layout are drawn, and the "Electrical line design specification" is drafted to draft the wiring plan.
(1) Marking. Determine the location of the line terminal sockets, switches, and panels, and plot the exact location and dimensions on the wall.
(2) Slotting.
(3) Power line wiring (4) Buried cassettes and PVC conduits.
(5) threading.
(6) Install switches, panels, various outlets, power boxes and lamps.
(7) Check.
(8) Completion of the circuit layout and feedback to the occupants of the design plan, based on the opinions of the resident.
Submit the design unit for record.
Through the above introduction, you should be able to design your new home appliances.