1.1 Various types of fuel cells
A fuel cell is a battery that mainly uses oxygen or other oxidants to carry out redox reactions to convert chemical energy in fuel into electrical energy.
There are many types of fuel cells, but they all have the same working mode. They are mainly composed of three adjacent sections: anode, electrolyte and cathode. Two chemical reactions occur between the interfaces of three different sections. The net results of the two reactions are fuel consumption, water or carbon dioxide generation, and current generation, which can be used directly in electrical equipment.
Fuel cells can be divided into direct type, indirect type and regenerative type according to fuel type; they can be divided into alkaline fuel cell (AFC), phosphate fuel cell (PAFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) according to electrolyte type ), Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).
For more than 20 years, fuel cells have experienced several types of development stages such as alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, and solid oxide. The research and application of fuel cells are developing at an extremely rapid rate. Among all fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells (AFC) have developed the fastest, mainly providing power and drinking water for space missions, including space shuttles; proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been widely used as transportation power and small power devices Application; Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) has entered the commercial stage as a medium-sized power supply application, and is the first choice for civilian fuel cells; molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) has also completed the industrial test stage; solid oxide fuel started later Battery (SOFC) is the most promising fuel cell in the field of power generation, and it is the preferred object for large-scale clean power stations in the future. The 100kW tubular SOFC power station has been operated in the Netherlands. Both Siemens and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries have conducted experimental research on the SOFC power generation system. In contrast, SOFC, MCFC
1.2. Hydrogen fuel cell is currently the best developed fuel cell
Hydrogen fuel cell, that is, a kind of fuel cell that uses hydrogen as fuel and uses the reverse reaction of electrolyzed water to generate electricity, is currently the best developed fuel cell. Its working principle is: sending hydrogen gas to the anode plate of the battery. Through the action of the catalyst, the hydrogen atoms become a positively charged hydrogen ion and a negatively charged electron. The hydrogen ion reaches the cathode plate through the electrolyte, but the electron cannot pass through the electrolyte. , And can only form current through an external circuit. After reaching the cathode plate, the electrons recombine with oxygen atoms and hydrogen ions to form water.
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